Wednesday, July 31, 2019

General Manager Essay

1. Planning administration †¢ Provide leadership and vision to the organization by assisting the Board and staff with the development of long range and annual plans, and with the evaluation and reporting of progress on plans . †¢ Oversee preparation of an Annual Report summarizing progress on short and long range plans. †¢ Research and write discussion papers, analysis documents and proposals as needed to assist the organization in determining and meeting its long and short term goals. 2. HR management †¢ Recruitment and contracting of company and project staff; †¢ Employee development, and training; †¢ Policy development and documentation; †¢ Employee relations; †¢ Performance management and improvement systems; †¢ Employment and compliance to regulatory concerns and reporting; †¢ Company-wide committee facilitation including planning, production, staff and †¢ Board of Directors, including arranging meetings and agendas, attending and minuting meetings; 3. Project management: †¢ Manage hire and distribution of music scores and parts, including any performing rights payments. †¢ Oversee the booking of tours this includes: venue liaison from negotiating the deal to distribution of audience questionnaires, programs and merchandise. †¢ Oversee organization of company transport, subsistence and accommodation. †¢ Liaise with Production Manager to oversee hire and delivery / transport of all technical and production equipment. 4. Marketing and PR: †¢ Manage advertising opportunities in other theatre program, press and at venues. †¢ Organize the availability of company members for media/PR events as necessary. †¢ Oversee content, production and distribution of all marketing and publicity materials (posters, program, flyers, mail outs, brochures etc) with director, designer and project manager. †¢ Manage press development; †¢ Co-ordinate the invitation of potential future promoters and supporters of the company. 5. Financial management †¢ Provide recommendations regarding investments and cash strategies. †¢ Oversee preparation of annual budget, regular variance statements and annual audit. †¢ Provide vision regarding overall financial health of the company. †¢ Provide vision and leader ship in long – range fiscal planning to ensure the continuity and solvency of the company. †¢ Provide recommendations regarding effective utilization of long and short term debt, including refinancing and purchasing/sales. †¢ Oversee fundraising efforts. 7. Production/QC: †¢ Insure accurate documentation of production and quality control data and records. †¢ Direct and oversee site production activities and personnel. †¢ Oversee and ensure high safety standards at all times. †¢ Direct production activities to insure safety and compliance with quality control standards, regulatory compliance, and lease agreements. †¢ Oversee and/or ensure good housekeeping at site at all times. 6. Administrative management †¢ Ensure client and vendor file integrity (documents, analytical information where required, communication notations, etc.). †¢ Maintain general oversight and insure accuracy of records including A/R, A/P, Inventory, etc. †¢ Assist in development of forms and tools to increase company efficiency and risk management. III / Job specification of general manager job description 1. A minimum of five years of experience in business management, planning and financial oversight. 2. A minimum of five years of experience in personnel management, including hiring, supervision, evaluation and benefits administration. 3. A minimum of three years of experience working with a board of directors and committees. 4. College graduate or equivalent experience. 5. Proven skills in business and financial management. 6. Demonstrated ability to work with student member – owners. 7. Demonstrated ability to work in a proactively diverse and inclusive organization. 8. Excellent, proven interpersonal, verbal and written communications skills. 9. Demonstrated ability to manage and supervise a staff team. 10. Effective problem – solving and mediation skills. 11. Demonstrated ability to share skills and knowledge with others. 12. Proficiency with office computer equipment and software. 13. Demonstrated ability to multi – task and work in a fast – paced office setting. 14. Proven ability to cope with conflict, stress and crisis situations. III/ TYPES OF EXECUTIVE JOB DESCRIPTION Executive job descriptions include JDs as follows: 1. CEO job description 2. Executive Director job description 3. Operations manager job description 4. Executive assistant job description 5. General manager job description Source: Executive job description and interview questions dictionary III / Compensation and benefits Net salary: 2.950 USD/month. Email: jenny.fata@gmail.com

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

A Woman’s Voice: the Poems of Sappho of Lesbos

`A Woman’s Voice: The Poems of Sappho of Lesbos(6th Century B. C. )` Sappho Translated by Stanley Lombardo Alley Miller- HIS 100 – Mid-Term Exam Essay `Sappho of Lesbos lived in a time in Greece where we have very little record of female accomplishments. Her poetry influenced stylistic poetry of the time and can be compared in composition and style to Elizabeth Barrett Browning or Richard Brautigan of a more modern era. Perhaps, what may be most notable about Sappho is that not only did her work influence poets much later, but they were widely â€Å"revered throughout the ancient world†, even when many more modern female poets were looked down on with distain. One must ask, while reviewing her work: what can we learn about Sappho’s life, the historical context in which she lived, andthe influence of her status as a woman from her poetry? `Many poets through history have concealed their true sexual identity to achieve a status of acceptance in the greater population, but there is no indication in Sappho’s poems that would lead us to believe she made a similar choice. In addition, other than the possible inclinations toward an attraction toward other women, her poetry is vastly conforming to the feminine idea. She did not fight to hide her sexuality or her gender. This speaks to the reader that, perhaps, ancient Greece was widely liberal views of sexuality. Obvious reference to fe male-female affection, yet still openly accepted by her peers. This affection did not conform to the â€Å"heterosexual role stereotype† that many same sex relationshipsdepicted by other sources conform to. This heterosexual role idea usually dictates that no matter the gender of two lovers one must adhere to the masculine role while the other to the feminine. ` `In Sappho’s poetry we do not see this. Throughout, her poetry she focuses largely on women, referring to: Aphrodite, a female lover, the women that surround soldiers, and Helen of Troy. She describes each as having feminine qualities with beauty, gentility, and fragility. However, she still describes herself with the same qualities and even humbles herself by begging the god Aphrodite and bolsters male dominance in Poem 20 by referring to the man that seems to be in possession of her lover as â€Å"just like a god†. This phrase and this poem as a whole indicate that, while homosexual relationships may be accepted, one must ultimately put a heterosexual one first. ` The poet did not fight to hide her gender and wrote in a very soft, feminine way. She did not convey a feeling of dominance or toughness, but rather a soft, sweet, almost timid, connotation. Even when speaking of wars, she does it with certain subtleness thatsuggests beauty braiding in images like â€Å"delicate†, â€Å"gliding†, â€Å"flute’s melody†, and focused on the sweet senses. Sappho was â€Å"A Woman’s Voice† in a time where most other women’s voices were blotted out. She was praised even during her time, while some similar modern poets were forced to conceal for success. This says something about the time in which she lived: that while it was undoubtedly male dominated there must have been some level of female acceptance and worth.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Mgmt 4440 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mgmt 4440 - Essay Example University of Colorado mission, vision value statement says that they value their campus community, employees and their institutional heritage. It also says that they achieve organizational excellence through; A safe environment, An engaging workplace, Staff development, Teamwork and partnership, Integrity and accountability, Open and respectful communication, An inclusive community, Quality, competitive, value-added services, Innovation and continuous improvement, Environmental sustainability etc (University of Colorado at boulder: Mission, Vision, Values). When we compare the actual performance management against the vision, mission, value statements, we can conclude that most of the claims made in the mission, vision, value statements are reflected in the actual performance management system. In other words, the CU performance management process is directly connected with the employee’s performance plan and the strategic visions of the university. â€Å"The supervisors mea sure an employee’s performance contributions not only in terms of skills, competencies, and outcomes and how her/his individual position contributes to achieving the goals of the work unit, but also in terms of a positive contribution to the strategic direction of the campus† (UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, p.6).

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Accounting for the Substance of Transactions Essay

Accounting for the Substance of Transactions - Essay Example Though giving an account of the economic summary of the activities of the organization is a straightforward job, generally, an effort is made to give better perception of the organization to be presentable to the Shareholders and other stakeholders by inflating the earnings or assets or deflating the liabilities or losses or manipulation of depreciation methods, stock valuation and accounting development expenditure. Here, two factors influence the presentation. The legal provisions and accounting provisions. The presentation which is correct in legal angle may not be founded on sound accounting principles and may vary from the underlying economic reality. The managements, may, therefore, sometimes choose the best and most advantageous of these two options to present the economic substance of the transactions according to their wishes. Certain artificial transactions/combination of transactions undertaken by the organization are such that it is very difficult to assess the net effect the entire exercise. The assessment of net effect of such various activities of the enterprise may be captioned as â€Å"substance† of a transaction. "substance" of a transaction. Assessment of the substance of the transactions is found necessary to provide reliable, fair and accurate information about corporate performance and to ascertain the actual state of affairs of the business organization. The need is felt very seriously as the various distortions in Financial statements are on the increase, among other things, defining the nature of assets and liabilities and inclusion or non-inclusion of such assets and liabilities in Books of Accounts. Such events not only distort the substance of the economic activity of the organization but also fail to project the actual problems faced by the organization, depriving the organization to initiate remedial steps to address the real problems. Accounting reforms comprising provisions for reporting of substance of transactions are therefore, found necessary. Statement of principles of Accounting prescribe the activities that should be reported on in financial statements, the various dimensions of those activities that should be prominently furnished, the features that information should have if it is to be mentioned in the financial statements. The main role of the Statement of principles is to provide conceptual input into the ASB's work on the development and review of accounting standards. The Statement is not, therefore, neither an accounting standard nor does it contain any requirements on how financial statements are to be prepared. The prominent among the principles for reporting the Substance of the Transactions is definition of assets and liabilities, accounting for subsidiary undertakings, and the activities to be excluded from the business organization's financial statements and those to be included, thus setting standards for presentation of Financial statements. Factors like legal requirements, cost-benefit considerations, i ndustry-specific issues, and the desirability of evolutionary change and implementation issues are also covered. Reporting the Substance of Transactions' implies the addition of Application Note G 'Revenue Recognition'. This clears the ambiguity regarding the treatment of revenue and, in particular, the treatment of turnover (as a subset of revenue). This Application Note deals with revenue recognition from the supply of goods or services by a seller to its customers. It sets out basic principles of revenue recognition which should be applied in all cases. It also provides specific guidance for

Early child education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Early child education - Essay Example The nature of the statement we get from those around us will affect our attitude in dealing certain matter. In my third grade, I gave a wrong answer to a simple mathematics question in class. Our teacher called me the most stupid student embarrassing me in the classroom. I felt that I will never be good in mathematics for the rest of my life and did not feel like attending his classes anymore. Besides, I never participated in the class after the incident due to fear of embarrassment again. The negative statement affected my grades since I had an attitude that every question in mathematics was hard. Most teachers fail to consider the impact of their words or action to students (Grotewell and Yanus 17). In situations when I faced my relative or friend due to anger or frustrations, I wanted get their understanding and comfort. The understanding would show that they care how I feel and may be able to help if possible. Confiding in them may be necessary because they can provide support to help in solving the problem causing frustration or anger. If they say, â€Å"use your word,† means they do not want to understand my situation and do not care about my feelings and what is happening. The phrase will make the situation worse by causing more anger and frustration. The problem mainly arises due to lack of support and comfort from the person I trusted with my feelings. Confiding to the same person in future may be hard due to the frustration of the previous experience. The attitude towards the person handling how I feel will be negative that I will not be able to trust them in the same situation. When getting to the unwelcoming environment, the people tend to show facial expression to you such as frowning and raising the upper lip and nose to show disgust in your presences. Some of them will also smirk as you approach. The tone of their voices also changes to low tones as they communicate between one another and others have sarcastic tones to

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tourism - Essay Example The research delves on leisure activities. Leisure activities focus on both physical leisure activities. The physical activities include sports activities. The nonphysical activities include non-sport leisure activities. Leisure activities must enhance one’s interpersonal relationships. In layman’s terms, leisure activity is correctly described as any act done during work breaks. Leisure is the free time during non-nonworking days like Saturdays, Sundays, and official holidays. Leisure is the opportunity given to the person to do whatever he or she wants during the person’s free from work time or unemployed time. Leisure time can be use to rest or recreation (Veal & Lynch, 2001). Further, Lynch and Veal correctly reiterated that leisure is composed of three dimensions. The dimensions include time devoted to leisure. Another dimension includes occupations that constitute leisure. Leisure also includes attitudes that define leisure. Both authors correctly insist th at leisure activities include the love for the outdoor sports. The outdoor sports activities incorporate the leisure activities of the Aboriginal tribes of Australia. The Aboriginal people love the wilderness. Additionally, the Europeans of Australia include organized sports activities as leisure activities. The organized sports incorporate the European cultural and Leisure concepts. The overpowering demands of structured working lives included organized leisure activities. Leisure is done during times when work is finished or on hold recess (Veal & Lynch, 2001). For example, leisure activities are done at night, after the daily 9- 5 work schedule is accomplished. Leisure activities are done during Saturdays and Sundays, during off work days. Furthermore, Godbey rightfully insists that leisure is the act of pursuing the truth and understanding of oneself. The leisure act includes several contemplative ingredients. The contemplative ingredients are aesthetic, philosophical, psycholog ical and religious in nature. Thus, reading several books on philosophy, arts, literature (Shakespeare) are considered leisure activities. Reading books to resolve whether Charles Darwin’s evolution theory is correct is another brain enriching leisure activity (Veal, 1992). On my own, my leisure time is spent on sports activities. I prefer to play basketball games. Basketball gives the quick mind to analyse whether to move forward and shoot the ball or to stop my running and shoot the ball. The game of basket ball allows me to compete with other individuals who love the game of basketball. Basketball is a game of speed. To increase my speed, I continually do speed running. Additionally, my other leisure activity is reading books. I love to read books on topics that are related to my class lessons. I love to read the tragedies of Shakespeare. I also read books related to my school assignments. The books increase my current stock knowledge on the topics discussed in class. Conc lusion Leisure activity can have diverse culture-based meanings. The research shows different leisure activities. Leisure activities include physical leisure activities. The physical activities include perspiring sports activities. The nonphysical activities include sport-exempt leisure activities. Evidently, leisure activities improve one’s interpersonal relationships. Question 2 Introduction: Culture conflict often crops up in everyday situations. The research delves on conflict occurrences. The research delves on conflict resolution. Conflict resolution research involves contribution from different parties. Conflict resolution is the peaceful alternative to more other violent conflict interactions. The author correctly states that managers in event, sport,

Friday, July 26, 2019

Global plan strategy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global plan strategy - Research Paper Example Strategizing is always considered to be the most appropriate way for new businesses to go about daily operation, hence the need for this paper. Introduction It is estimated that about 83% of adults in the United States of America take coffee. According to this figure, U.S remains the world major consumer of coffee. According to a New York-based group, 63% of adults consume coffee on a daily basis compared to 65% annually. Daily intake of gourmet-coffee remains stiff with about 31% of the total users as compared to other brands whose intake fell drastically; this is according a New York based research company. Arabica-coffee prices have dropped in New York with a margin of 5.8% recently, while in London, Robusta prices have gained almost 12% (FAO p64). Arabica is mainly found in Latin America and manufactured by giant companies such as Starbucks and McDonald. Robusta Beans, majorly used in instant coffee are widely cultivated in Asia and some parts of Africa. Brazil has posed to be th e second largest consumer after U.S.A, trailed by Germany as per the International Coffee Organization which is based in London. These are some of facts and figures that lured Dorato partners to initiate the business. With these challenging financial periods, it is appropriate for the company to strategize to avoid flopping in the event of their operations. Firm Analysis Company overview: Dorato was founded in the year 2012 after top investors who are the main financers agreed to partner in order to come up with the coffee business. Dorato is meant to provide coffee beverages in and outside U.S. The firm has received it funds through major donations from friends, at the same time the partners have used their assets to acquire loans from various financial institutions in the United States. Management philosophy: Quality in products and services to customers and staff members is Dorato’s top priority. Dorato believes that increased quality production and services gained from th e staff members is expedited by a conducive working environment. An environment that appreciates good work performance, flexible, prize fairness encourages free communication and respecting the views of individuals. This optimizes Dorato staff’s performance and health. Self-esteem to attain excellence maximizes especially when the staff members are handled with trust, decency and respect. Quality in Performance: - Dorato has an interest for tracking its mission to improve coffee selling as a business and profession and as a way of promoting farming, uptake of coffee, good business practices and culture. This passion is shown by workers’ perseverance, patience and dedication to advancing coffee uptake. Dorato managers are always available to provide assistance to staff; this is achieved by setting achievable goals, schedules and timetables for its goods and services and inspires staff members to be responsible as a result of its products and services integrity. Excellen t Customer Services: - Dorato strongly believes in its customers and value of relationships, both internally and externally. To satisfy customers, Dorato management

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Speech Audiometry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Speech Audiometry - Essay Example Use of hearing aids of many types and formats can bring normalcy and comfort to patient short fallings relates to listening and recognition of words which may result in improvement of professional capabilities, understanding relationships with others, self-confidence and self-satisfaction. Many researches were conducted in past and still going on for effective detection of primary listening disabilities. Scientists study speech as auditory signal to test new equipment. Since the advent of speech audiometry, it has helped in differentiating hearing aids from one another and so has come to be known as the basic assessment of the ability of hearing. Due to the significance and accuracy of its results; it has also been considered as the foundation in the hearing aid evaluation of the majority of speech. Hence, speech audiometry became the centre of evaluation in audiology and the primary methods used now are the same that were used in the 1920's. The research for speech audiometry has not only been vastly useful but also is revolutionary in regard to the technological advances. Communication ability of a person is considered very important thus, continual research on the subject has been going on for the past 60 years and more. The credit not only goes to the scientists but even to the military investigators, industrial development and clinical audiology researchers. In rel History: In relation to the hearing aid fitting procedure, speech audiometry serves its purpose through assessing the effect of occlusion, analysis of intelligibility, evaluation of quality, and degree of loudness. Comparative hearing aid assessments also used speech audiometry as the main evaluation of performance. In the late 1940s, speech testing started being used for evaluating and differentiating hearing aids due to its advancement speech audiometry quickly became the preferred method to evaluate real-ear hearing aid performance. Speech testing assesses how amply speech is understood. Surveys conducted in the 1970s show that almost 85% of audiologists were using speech testing when fitting hearing aid. But after almost 30 years it was realized that these methods were not reliable enough to secure investment by selecting hearing aids in a large amount of clinical time. As the 1980s rolled on, use of speech audiometry in hearing aid fittings dropped to an exceptionally low level. All this was caused because it was seen that hearing aid dispensing is a much less time consuming process than speech testing and fitting approaches were the ones comprising of functional gain rather than speech audiometry. It also lacked the sensitivity to distinguish small differences on an individual basis in hearing aid performance. The benefits received were limited in regard to the time taken to get to them. Due to the technological advancement of that time, the industry started using in-the-ear hearing aid fittings as they effectively eradicated the comparative hearing aid evaluation approach altogether. Recent Research: Eventually in the 1990s, speech testing was on the whole, rarely used for hearing aid differentiation and aided speech testing was

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

The Artifact Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Artifact - Essay Example There were a lot of questions that I had about the economic feasibility of the product in my book. Thirdly, I wondered what was the point of buying kindle? I love books and everything related-from the smell of the printed paper to the binding and the placing bookmarks in the book by folding it on the corners. It was the entire sensory experience of reading a book that I loved. However after a lot of foresight and fore-thought, I finally bought Kindle. I started of reading it every night before sleeping, the way I’d do so with my normal books. It was later I realized how important Kindle is to me. It became an addiction. I could not sleep without spending a good fifteen-thirty minutes without being enthralled in it initially. This was just the beginning. Soon those minutes turned into hours and I was eventually spending 2-3 hours on the kindle. In the next 2 weeks my involvement with the Kindle had transformed into a deep rooted love-from 15 minutes to 2-3 hours. Things did not stop there. I loved the way I could carry the kindle in my bag without over-burdening. Soon, I started carrying it everywhere I would go to. I just couldn’t stand the idea of being bored. If I would get bored, Kindle would come to my rescue. I was that addicted to the device. I love the device primarily because the convenience it offers of not just reading it but for being my respite from the real world. There are times when I am down and out; when I don’t feel like talking to anyone. When I feel that I need to be left alone. That is when the Kindle comes to my rescue. It is my favorite companion and my solace from the miseries of the real world. The best part about it is that it is hassle free. Except for the initial investment, it costs you zilch in terms of convenience of handling it later on. It is wonderful to have a book handy at all times while waiting for a dentist, an appointment or at the spa. Anything that requires you to wait, you can do with the kindle. T oday I read waiting in the line while I am at grocery store. Let’s just put it this way, Kindle has become an integral part of my being. It is a must accessory for me, it is an extension of my right hand and I am more worried to keep the kindle with me, then about wearing the right make up. I like the way the kindle hibernates with just a click once I am done reading. I love the convenience of reading up a word in the dictionary and then returning back to my book while reading on kindle. Kindle has also made inroads in improving the speed at which I read. Now I can turn a page at a click. The most enticing part about kindle for me is the way it helps me make notes and highlights at the end of the book. It helps me share key points of the book with others, my review and what I feel about it; vent out my frustration about a particular plot, character or even pour it in why I loved that particular plot or character. In-short, Kindle offers me one of the most exciting and interes ting reading experiences ever. (Walkman) My biggest amusement with the Kindle, that I have not yet unveiled it has built up the tolerance level in me to pique through mindless plots and love stories without having to worry about people around me catching me reading a book with a trashy cover. No one really has to know, what I am reading and why I am reading it. It offers me complete privacy and I love this most about it. (Mollywood) Works Cited Mollywood. Kindle fire an ipad killer. 28 9 2011. 11 10 2011

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Acculturation of Hispanic Population in the United States Research Paper

Acculturation of Hispanic Population in the United States - Research Paper Example The people from every culture have brought diversity in American culture with the uniqueness of respective culture. The Hispanic culture and community has been diffused all over the country propounding new traditions, trends customs, and cultures and acquired the status of the largest minority group. America’s bilingual educational structure is the impact of the growing Hispanic population as the largest minority. According to Census Bureau of US (2003), â€Å"Young, Diverse, Urban: Hispanic Population Reaches All-time High of 38.8 Million† (Naidoo, 33) These Hispanic groups in the United States have faced certain obstacles from the culture of United States since the time of their arrival. While there has been interchanged of values between the US society and the Hispanics, yet their stay in the United States have brought them certain benefits, which they perhaps could not access back at home. The Hispanic groups are often referred as an â€Å"assimilation-oriented society† (Schaefer, 235) where the problem of language difference has been existent since the time of their arrival in the United States. For a long period of time, the Hispanics witnessed hindrances in schooling for children speaking Spanish. The recognition of the bilingual status and bicultural trend have been accepted and credited in the States only in the recent years. In the current years, Spanish has been recognized as an asset rather than a liability. Variations in accents and pronunciation of the same language have faced resistance from the â€Å"language purity movement† (Schaefer, 235). For the last two to three decades Hispanics were discouraged to speak Spanish. The Hispanic children were differentiated from the Anglos in schools. For the last two to three decades Hispanics were discouraged to speak Spanish. (Schaefer, 242) Children were punished if they were caught speaking in Spanis h within school premises. The ability of a person to adapt to the stressors is refereed as allostasis. This allostatic load factor is important to judge the proper health status. When an individual is exposed to adverse situations for a long time, it is normal for them to become vulnerable to such challenges involving physiological strain and such alterations lead to a deterioration in health conditions.

Monday, July 22, 2019

The impact of Christian Religious Education Essay Example for Free

The impact of Christian Religious Education Essay Introduction: The context of studying religious in a society such as ours, Christian religious educations give me the opportunity to learn from religion (Christian religion) in an organized Manner. From my perspective, Christian religious education aims to support and develop my religious identity by giving me the opportunity to participate at Christian religious practices. Religious education like Christianity involves religious practices such as praying, caring for others, and dealing with the challenges of life. In these practices I see Christian religious education as an inspirational reality of God’s teaching; the only reliable tool that I rely on in the time of difficulties and challenges. The concepts of God, creation, redemption, or eternity are concepts that are difficult to understand unless with faith and the teaching of Christian religious education. From this standpoint, progress in Christian religious education refers to my participation at religious practices in a more proficient way. The aim of this paper is to get a clear view on the significance of studying Christian Religious Education and its impact on me as an individual. Growing up as a Kid: As a kid growing up I attended Catechism classes (first Holy Communion and Confirmation), as far as going to the seminary (Catholic seminary) after my graduation from high school. I attended catechism classes and was taught the Catholic doctrines and other Christian beliefs. Therefore, Christian religious education has impacted my life and my personal growth. Consequently, learning through religious education enables me to: Develop my knowledge and deepen my understanding of the Christian faith, especially my Catholic faith and other Christian beliefs. It helps me understand the relevance of the Catholic faith and the meaning of life. It fosters the values, attitudes and practices which are well-suited with my faith as Christian. Christian religious education develops my skills of reflection, critical thinking, and how to act in accordance when making moral decisions. It nurtures my prayer life as an individual. It helps me understand and appreciate significant aspects of other Christian traditions such as observing lent, the practice of station of the cross and advent season. The observance of all of these makes a positive difference to my Christian life and put my beliefs and values into action. The Influence of Christian Religion Education on me: The impact of Christian religious education on me is that it transfers Christian moral values and norms to me as person or individual growing up to become responsible and appreciating myself and others. It teaches me the actual duty of a Christian and acquaints me with religious practices and obedience to authorities in the neighborhood, homes, state and in the universal society. Christian religious education helps me to develop the knowledge and understanding of Christianity and especially, the catholic doctrine. Christian religious education specially the catholic doctrine have taught me some religious norms and it values and has encouraged me to learn from various religious beliefs, values and culture while at the same time, focusing my own beliefs regarding my religion. My study at the seminary and catechism classes has also help me to be mature personally and socially as well as refining my judgments and decisions on religious, moral and social issues, preparing me for life in a secular society. During my time in primary school I can clearly recall that Christian religious education in the context of catholic religious teachings popularly known as â€Å"doctrine† in catholic schools was a compulsory subject for us. It was mandatory subject, not an optional one. In fact anyone who could not pass doctrine in St. Francis high school (Pleebo, Maryland County) is assumed not to be able to do well or pass other subjects. As the result, Christian religious education gave me a stronger sense of my identity and it made me to know my place in the world that I live in through Christian religious and ethical teaching. Christian Religious education guides me through my spiritual journey. It motives me and helps me been focus on my spiritual life. If I don’t understand what I am implementing in my life, then I will end up losing focus in my Christian activities. Christian Religious education aids me in instructing me how to understand the existence of God and how to obey his commands. Christian Religious education assists me in keeping me from doing the wrong things and repeating the same mistakes over and over again. It instructs me to obey authorities and follow the teaching of the scriptures, so that I may teach the little one or my own kids the ways of life of my religion (Christian) and how to follow it teachings. Encourages me to look more into what I accept as true and reflect on that spiritual knowledge. It helps me understand the Word of God as expressed in the Christian scriptures and especially the teachings of the Catholic Church. And considering how situations can affect the way that I understand things in my lives and the world around me. Reflecting on the Catholic beliefs that my life has meaning, therefore, the essence of Christian religious education is to help me to value the teachings of the scriptures and that which God reveals in our lives. It helps me recognize such knowledge and understand issues which are never fully realized except in actual relationships with the scripture (God) or teaching of Christian religion education. It helps me truly develop and engage common issues in concrete actions. Why Christian Religion Education Matters to me? Christian Religious education makes a distinctive contribution to my well-being. It promotes my moral, social and above all my spiritual, development. It prepares me for societal challenges and future responsibilities. Religion and beliefs inform our values and are reflected in what we say and how we behave. Christian Religious education try to explain or give meaning to challenging questions about the ultimate meaning and purpose of life, beliefs about God, and the nature of reality, issues of right and wrong and what it means to be human. It develops my knowledge and understanding of the nature of religion and belief including Christianity, and other principal religious issues, such as the TRINITY, (three persons in one God). God the FATHER, God the SON and God the HOLY SPIRIT, philosophy that are difficult to understand. Christian religious education offers me the opportunities for personal reflection and spiritual development. It enhances my awareness and understanding of Christianity and beliefs, teachings and practices. Christian religious education had impacted my life, to be more precise, it helps me to understand issues of faith and the existence of God. There are things I cannot do because of my beliefs and faith. I cannot take away human life, because I have value for other and the life of people. I cannot encourage abortion or homosexual arts. Taking away other life is murder, murder is a crime. Christian religious education, specially my doctrine (catholic doctrines) forbids that. And Christian religious educations help enhance and foster my beliefs. Therefore, my value of God is deepening. Christian religious education today is vital. As the issue of extremism emerges, I begun to wonder how these people lost their moral direction and they have turn against society in the name of religion. One might want to look to their religion as one aspect of what shaped their thinking. Instead of judge them; I extend forgiveness, because my religion (Christianity) teaches me how to forgive. After all, Christ said in the Bible â€Å"he who is without sin should cast the first stone. † Christian religious education is priceless. Christian religion offer open debate about all moral and ethical points of view. It is open to free debate, unlike other religions which forbids open discussion of some critical issues. In order to combat ignorance, Christian religious educations enlighten my mind. It causes me to act as detects by the scripture or my doctrine. The reason a society falls is its lack of morality. Christian religious education taught me about morality, ethics and to love others, even if they don’t act very loving toward me. The skills, understanding and knowledge acquired from Christian religious education during my seminary and catechism class’s days, couple with my Christian ethics class at AMEU is very necessary. They help to broaden my knowledge and positively sharp my thinking to be mature in my attitudes. Christian religious educations help me to be open minded, value for others and self understanding. Experiencing self-assurance about my own beliefs and identity and increasing my perception of my religious, moral and spiritual ideas. Conclusion: In conclusion to this paper, I will say Christian religious education from all angle and from all area of society has shown without any doubt its significance on me as individual and society cannot be ignored. Christian Religious Education has prove to make available openings for spiritual expansion in the course of helping me to think about and act in response to questions of meaning and function in life, and questions about the s existence of God and morals in human society; to consider and react to critical issues especially issues of morality and real challenges of life. This has helped me to make clear and knowledgeable decision on religious and moral issues. Our society today is face with many moral issues, such as same sex marriage know as gay marriage and the issue of abortion. Christian religious education has helped to develop my sense of character and belonging, preparing me for life as individual in society. It gives me consciousness and understanding of my beliefs, including practices and values of Christianity. Christian Religious Education is a tool that strengthen my ethical attitude and values, including choices and behavior and my believed toward abortion, drugs and homosexuality. Bibliography: Novak, M. (2001): On Two Wings: Humble Faith and Common Sense. Fagan, P. F. (2006): The Impact of Religious Practice, Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 1064, [2] Brown, D. R. , and Gary, L. E. (1991): An Empirical Assessment, Journal of Negro Education, Vol. 60, No. 3.

Nature of Poverty Essay Example for Free

Nature of Poverty Essay The nature of poverty can be described in many ways. The obvious way to explain poverty is the lack of income. However, in the deeper meaning, poverty also includes those who lack of security, healthcare, power, and other basic necessities. Poverty can be categorised in terms of absolute poverty and relative poverty. Absolute poverty is household based measure by income per year under a statistic developed by government which will aid those who are poor by giving them money depending on the number of members in the family on a yearly basis. While, relative poverty focus on people’s living with no statistic. For instance, if a family has 10 members but they have only 3 cars, they can be regarded as poor. Nevertheless, there are three common methods that use to measure the level of poverty. The first method defines poverty as a lack of income, which can be measured by World Bank. The absolute poverty for this case is a cut up point above or below the certain amount of income. Yet, this method has a major drawback. Since it focuses solely on income and ignoring other important factors such as social well-being or the general welfare of people, this method fails to provide the whole aspect of poverty. Secondly, UNDP measures poverty in terms of the lack of capability. It is known as Human Poverty Index that indicates the standard of living of the people in the country, which are life expectancy, life satisfaction, and footprint. This method provide not only deeper but also broader ways of measuring and assessing poverty. It looks pass the income factor and takes into consideration the non-monetary aspects, which generate the more well-rounded information and results. However, there are some critics that this method cannot truly measure the level of the poor since statistics and numerals are unable to measure people’s feelings. It is said that we cannot know how others feel unless we walk in their shoes, therefore, in order to get the accurate result, living with the poor is required. Lastly, poverty as a social exclusion is mentioned by Robert Chambers about the nature of poverty. Chambers introduces the bottom-up theory, which suggests that people should actually work with the rural poor who lack of power to speak out, security, and live with fears. Therefore, the approach is carried out to get an in depth understanding of what are the real meanings of poverty by associating directly with the poor. By this view, Chambers tends to provide qualitative method while other methods are quantitative based. Although this method  provides useful information of the poor, there are few flaws to be considered. Because the outcome is mainly based on qualitative methods such as verbal communication, there is a high tendency that the outcome will be bias. Moreover, snapshot may occur. For example, the interview conducted during the harvest season might get a better result than the actual reality. Therefore, the long-term picture should be taking into account in order for the outcome to be more anthological and longitudinal. Another problem is that people may not be honest, which is called courtesy bias. This way people will only answer what the researchers want to hear and leave the truth out. Thus, sometimes researchers may ask them to draw the picture of their life, which turns out to be a better way to get the real answer. Chambers talks more about vulnerability and isolation of people. For example, the poor cannot transport to sell the goods. In conclusion, there are several ways to measure the level of poverty. Three most common methods are the lack of income, HPI by UNDP (lack of capability) and social exclusion by Robert Chambers. Each method uses different viable and factors to indicate the level of poverty, all have their own advantages and criticisms. Therefore, each one is suitable and appropriate in different situations and purposes. However, in my opinion, even though, the lack of income method might be easier to measure and assess, the social exclusion theory by Robert Chambers could provide the real well-being of people since it includes the important of non-monetary factors that are crucial for the welfare of people.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

History of Leukemia Treatment

History of Leukemia Treatment Four months later, a young German professor at the University of Wurzburg named Rudolf Virchow published a similar case. The patients blood was overgrown with white blood cells, forming dense and pulpy pools in her spleen. At autopsy, Virchow found layers of white blood floating above the red. He called the disease weisses Blut white blood. In 1847, he changed the name to leukemia from leukos, the Greek word for white. Virchow was a pathologist in training. He believed that all living things were made of cells, which were the basic units of life. And that cells could grow in only two ways: either by increasing the number of cells, or by increasing its size. He called these two modes hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Looking at cancerous growths through his microscope, Virchow concluded that cancer was hyperplasia in its extreme form. By the time Virchow died in 1902, a new theory of cancer had slowly come together out of these observations. Cancer an aberrant, uncontrolled cell division creating tumors that would attack and destroy organs and normal tissues. These tumors could also spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body such as lungs and brains. Leukemia is a malignant overgrown of white cells in the blood. It comes in several forms. It could be chronic and indolent. Or it could be acute and violent. The second version comes in further subtypes, based on the type of white blood cells involved. Cancers of the myeloid cells are called Acute myeloid leukemias (AML); cancer of immature lymphoid cells are called Acute lymphoblastic leukemias; and cancers of the more mature lymphoid cells are called lymphomas. ALL is the most common leukemia found in children. Sidney Faber, the third of fourteen children, was born in Buffalo, New York, in 1903. His father, Simon Farber, had immigrated to America from Poland in the late 19th century and worked in an insurance agency. Having completed his advanced training in pathology in the late 1920s, Farber became the first full-time pathologist at the Childrens Hospital in Boston. His specialty was pediatric pathology, the study of childrens diseases. Yet Farber was driven by the hunger to treat patients. Sitting in his basement laboratory one day in the summer of 1947, he was inspired to focus his attention to the oldest and most hopeless variants of leukemia childhood leukemia. The disease had been analyzed, classified, and subdivided meticulously, but with no therapeutic or practical advances. The package from New York was waiting in the laboratory that December morning. As he pulled out the glass vials of chemicals from the package, he was throwing open a new way of thinking about cancer. An insatiable monster Sydney Farbers package of chemicals arrived at a pivotal moment in the history of medicine. In the late 1940s, new miracle drugs appeared at an astonishing rate. But cancer had refused to fall into step in the victories of postwar medicine. It remained a black box. To cure a cancer, doctors had only two options: cutting it out with surgery, or incinerating it with radiation. Proposals to launch a national response against cancer had ebbed and flowed in America since the early 1900s. By 1937, cancer had magnified in the public eye. In June, a joint Senate-House conference was held to draft legislation to address the issue. On August 5, President Roosevelt signed the National Cancer Institute Act, creating a new entity called the National Cancer Institute (NCI) to coordinate cancer education and research. But World War II had shifted the nations priority from cancer research to the war. The promised funds from Congress never materialized, and the NCI languished in neglect. The social outcry about cancer also drifted into silence. If a cure for leukemia was to be found, Farber reasoned, it would be found within hematology the study of normal blood. In 1928, a young English physician named Lucy Wills discovered that folic acid, a vitamin-like substance found in fruits and vegetables, could restore the normal genesis of blood in nutrient-deprived patients. Farber wondered whether folic acid could restore the normalcy of blood in children with leukemia. As he injected synthetic folic acid into a cohort of leukemia children, Farber found that folic acid actually accelerated the growth of leukemia rather than stopping it. He stopped the experiment in a hurry. Farber was intrigued by the response of the leukemia cells to folic acid. intrigued. What if he could find a drug to cut off the supply of folic acid to the cells an antifolate? Farbers supply of folic acid had come from the laboratory of an old friend a chemist called Yellapragada Subbarao or Yella. Yella was a physician turned cellular physiologist. Having finished his medical training in India, Yella could not practice medicine in America because he had no license. He started as a night porter at a hospital, switched to a day job as a biochemist, and joined Lederle Lab in 1940. Enzymes and receptors in cells work by recognizing molecules using their chemical structure. With a slight alteration of the recipe, Yello could create variants of folic acid, and some of the variants could behave like antagonists to folic acid. He sent the first package of antifolates to Farbers lab in the late summer of 1947. On August 16, 1947, in the town of Dorchester in New England, Robert Sandler, a two-year-old boy was brought to Childrens Hospital in Boston. He had been ill with a wax and wane fever for over two weeks, and the condition had worsened. His spleen wasÂÂ   enlarged, and his blood sample had thousands of immature lymphoid leukemic blasts. His twin brother, Elliot, was in perfect health. Farber had received the first package of antifolates from Yella a few weeks before Sandlers arrival. On September 6, 1947, Farber injected Sandler with pteroylaspartic acid or PAA, the first of Yellas antifolates. PAA had little effect. On December 28, Farber received a new version of antifolate aminopterin. Farber injected the boy with it. The response was remarkable. The white cell count stopped its astronomical ascend, hovered at a plateau, and then dropped. And the leukemic blasts gradually flickered out in the blood and then disappeared. By New Years Eve, the count had dropped to one-sixth of its peak value, bottoming out at a near normal level. The cancer hadnt vanished, but it had temporarily abated. Sandlers remission was unprecedented in the history of leukemia. Farber started treating the slow train of children with childhood leukemia arriving at his clinic. An incredible pattern emerged: antifolates could destroy leukemia cells and make them disappear for a while. But the cancer would relapse after a few months of remission, refusing to respond to even the most potent of Yellas drugs. Robert Sandler died in 1948. In June 1948, Farber published his study in the New England Journal of Medicine. The paper was received with skepticism, disbelief and outrage. The obliteration of an aggressive cancer using a chemical drug was unprecedented in the history of cancer. Dyeing and Dying A systemic disease demands a systemic cure. Could a drug kill existing cancer cells without hurting normal cell tissues? The chemical world is full of poisons. The challenge is to find a selective poison that will eradicate cancer cells without killing the patient. In 1856, an 18-year-old student in London named William Perkin stumbled into an inexpensive chemical dye that could be made from scratch. Perkin called it aniline mauve. His discovery was a godsend for the textile industry because aniline mauve is easier to produce and store than vegetable dyes. Perkin also discovered that its parent compound could act as a building block for other dyes to produce derivatives with a vast spectrum of vivid colors. In the mid-1860s, Perkin flooded the textile factories of Europe with a suite of new synthetic dyes in various color. The German chemist rushed to synthesize their own dyes to muscle their way into the textile industry in Europe. They synthesized not only dyes and solvents, but an entire universe of new molecules such as phenols, bromides, alcohols, and amides, chemicals never encountered in nature. In 1878, a 24-year-old medical student named Paul Ehrlich did an experiment usingÂÂ   chemical dyes to stain animal tissues. He discovered the dyes seemed to be able to differentiate among chemicals hidden inside the cells, staining some and sparing others. In 1882, working with Robert Koch, Ehrlich discovered another new chemical stain that could pick up one class of germs from a mixture of microbes. In the late 1880s, Ehrlich found that certain toxins when injected in animals could produce antitoxins,ÂÂ   which could be used to neutralize the toxin with extraordinary specificity. If biology was a mix-and-match game of chemicals, Ehrlich thought, what if some chemical could differentiate bacterial cells from animal cells so that it could kill the bacteria cells without hurting the animal? So he began with a hunt for anti-microbial chemicals. After testing hundreds of chemicals, he found a dye derivative that can act as an antibiotic drug for mice and rabbits infected with Trypanosoma gondii (a parasite). He called the chemical Trypan Red, after the color of the dye. And in 1910, his laboratory discovered arsphenamine (Salvarsan), the first effective medicinal treatment for syphilis. His success on Trypan Red and Salvarsan proved that chemicals could be found to cure diseases with specificity. He called these chemicals magic bullets for their capacity to kill with specificity. Between 1904 and 1908, he attempted to find an anticancer drug using his vast arsenal of chemicals. None of them worked. What was poison to cancer cells, he found, was also poison to normal cells because cancer cells and normal cells were so similar that made it almost impossible to differentiate. Ehrlich died in 1915 at age 61. In 1917, two years after his death, Germany used a chemical weapon at the battle of Ypres in Belgium, in the form of chlorine gas. The gas killed two thousand soldiers that night. In 1919, pathologist found the survivors bone marrows were all depleted, with the blood-forming cells all dried up.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Salman Rushdie :: essays research papers

There have been very few writers who have been dogged by controversy throughout their careers. Some have been persecuted in less enlightened times such as Mark Twain, and some have been ridiculed by the press like Edgar Allan Poe. Yet, Salman Rushdie was the first author in the free world to have been pursued from across continents and forced into hiding because of a death sentence by a foreign government. To say Salman Rushdie is a very controversial writer in today’s society would be a gross understatement. Rushdie in fact could be considered the ideal poster boy for absolute freedom of the press. It is not that Rushdie prides himself on being rebellious, he simply presents his ideas bluntly and it just so happens that his ideas address extremely volatile topics such as the Islam religion. Rushdie’s philosophy was eloquently put when he wrote, â€Å"What is freedom of expression? Without the freedom to offend, it ceases to exist.†Contrary to many great authors, Rushdie did not endure a traumatic childhood, suffer from alcohol addiction, or live with chronic depression. Instead, Rushdie actually had what many would view as a close to perfect upbringing. Rushdie was born in 1947 to a middle-class Moslem family in the great city of Bombay, India. His paternal grandfather was an Urdu poet, and his father a Cambridge educated businessman. At the age of fourteen, Rushdie was sent to Rugby School in England where he excelled in his studies. Rushdie went on to continue his studies at King's College, Cambridge, where he studied history. After graduating in 1968 he worked for a time with television in Pakistan as an actor with the theatre group at Oval House in Kennington. Then, from 1971 to 1981 Rushdie earned his living by working intermittently as a freelance advertising copywriter for Ogilvy and Mather and Charles Barker. Rushdie eventually began his literary career in 1975 when he made his debut with Grimus, a sort of fantastical science fiction novel based on the twelfth century Sufi poem â€Å"The Conference of Birds†. Grimus however received little fame and Rushdie truly broke into the literary world with his second novel Midnight’s Children, in 1981, which won him the Booker prize and international fame. This novel began his controversial persona as well. The novel is a comic allegory of Indian history that revolves around the life of its narrator, Saleem Sinai, and the one thousand children born after India’s Declaration of Independence.

Friday, July 19, 2019

stop the violence (SPAIN) Essay example -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Basta. Enough. This word exemplifies the growing attitude toward the violence in the Spanish nation caused by the cultural differences between its Spanish and Basque inhabitants. The 2.1 million people of Euskadi, the Basque area of Spain, speak a different language than typical Spaniards, have a separate culture and society from that of Spain; and have a history of their own. Throughout the decades, these major cultural differences contained within the borders of Spain have continued to cause conflict between the Spanish people and the people of the Basque area. Many within la comunidad autà ³noma del paà ­s vasco, the autonomous community of the Basque country, have long been seeking to free it from the confines of Spanish borders and have proceeded to do so in a terrorist fashion, although recently there have been attempts by the Basques nationalists to work towards more peaceful relations with the Spanish government.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ETA is a Basque separatist organization in Spain that has taken up many violent practices in its efforts to gain independence for the Basque state. Standing for Euzkadi Ta Azkatasuna, meaning â€Å"Basque Homeland and Liberty,† this group grew out of the Partido Nacionalista Vasco, also known as the Basque Nationalist Party or PNV. Since the PNV was outlawed by dictator Francisco Franco, ETA retained its headquarters secretly in Paris during his reign. For the past 31 years, it has been the origin of numerous terrorist attacks, bombings, protests, and murders. It is the key player in the violence that has plagued Spain and its Basque area.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Basque region of Spain jumped back into the world arena most recently beginning in late 1997. By this time, the regional government there had gained partial autonomy from Madrid. It had been permitted home rule by the Spanish Constitution and elected its own Parliament with taxing power and a 6,000 member regional police force. The elected Assembly and administration there controlled education, cultural affairs, social services, and created jobs for its people. It was in December of this year that the 23 leaders of Herri Batasuna (HB), the political voice of ETA, were arrested and sentenced to seven-year jail terms for making a video extolling the terrorist acts of the ETA. This decision by three Spanish judges marked t... ...The New York Times. 19 December 1998, p. A6. 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Goodman, Al. â€Å"Spain Making Contact With Basque Rebels.† The New York Times. 4 November 1998, p. A4. 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Goodman, Al. â€Å"Voting in Basque Region Helps Moderates, and Peace.† The New York   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Times. 26 October 1998, p A11. 9.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Now for votes: Spain and the Basques.† The Economist. 26 September 1998, p. 53. 10.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Peace Dividend of a More United Europe.† Business Week. 29 March 1999, p. 57. 11.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"SEVILLE.† Time International. 9 February 1998, p. 10. 12.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Spanish Basque Rebel Chief Seized in Paris With 5 Aides.† The New York Times. 10   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  March 1999, p. A8. 13.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Valls-Russell, Janice. â€Å"Reigning in Spain: a tribute to diversity.†The New Leader. 6 October 1997, p. 8-9. 14.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"What’s new? Spain and the Basques.† The Economist. 6 December 1997, p. 57. STOPPING THE VIOLENCE THE MOVE TOWARD PEACE IN SPAIN’S BASQUE REGION

Innocent Children, Violent Gangs Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research

Innocent Children, Violent Gangs      Ã‚   18, 059 violent felonies, 690 deaths, and 13,000 hard-core killers. What is the horrible cause of these striking statistics? Gangs. Gangs are a problem in nearly every state and 83 percent of the largest cities in the United States. The problem of gangs and their negative impact on the communities they exist in continues to grow and nothing seems to be able to stop this powerful growth. Gangs not only exist in just inner cities anymore, but in towns and suburban communities as well. Gangs are affecting more and more children everyday, and this problem needs to be stopped.    No one knows exactly how many children and youth nationwide are gang members or join a gang in an average day, but the numbers are astonishing and increasing. What is it about gangs that is so appealing to children? Gangs offer identity which a child may not have felt he or she had before. Gangs also offer belonging, protection, money, sex, and status. The majority of the children who become involved in such groups as gangs usually don't have a sense family or belonging to anyone, are lonely, and are looking for friends. Some may think that gangs are actually a good thing in that they offer so many positive things to a child's life. That is where some go wrong, and make the biggest mistake of their lives.    Gangs are responsible for ten to twenty percent of the criminal activity in the United States, which estimates to an approximate thirty to sixty billion dollars of taxpayers' money a year. Gangs are often associated with the use of drugs, including heroine and marijuana. Gangs also are connected to the illegal use of many weapons and as a result, many bloody murders. So, it is... ...f Violence: A Study of Violence on the Street, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, Vol. 30 NO. 1, February 1993, pg 88-112. Kotlowitz, Alex, There Are No Children Here, Anchor Books Doubleday, 1991. Krivo, Peterson, Disadvantaged Neighborhoods and Urban Crime, Social Forces, Vol. 75 No. 2 December 1996, pg. 619-645. Lo, Chun-Nui, A Social Model of Gang Related Violence, Free Inquiry In Creative Sociology, Vol 19 no. 1, May 1991, pg. 36-43. Sambar, Chuck. http://www.sambar.com/sambar/chuck/aregangs.htm Omega Boys Club. http://www.street-soldiers.org/omega/omega1.html Alanzo, Felipe and Zavala, Eric. http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu/%7Edliss/student_projects/final_project/felipe2/index.htm http://home.navisoft.com/requiredreading/Page6.html Cantrell, Mary Lynn. http://www.bluemarble.net/%7Enes/hot/htopicgang.html   

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Emerging Business Themes Essay

A- QUESTION 1 1- Definition Business ethics is a form of professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. The definition of Ethical stance defined by Johnson and Scholes as: ‘the extent to which an organization will exceed it minimum obligations to stakeholders and society at large. There are four possible ethical stances existing and are stereotypes for any organization.(1) The first ethical stance is short-term shareholder interests; a company who stick very close to laws and regulations which are in place. They give and do only what they are obliged to, this usually causes problems with long-term financial decisions. The second stance is longer-term shareholder interests – a company who are very focused on building and maintaining reputation in relation to its financial success. They take into consideration all stakeholders and how they can affect the organization in the future. The third stance is multiple stakeholder obligations – relating to a company taking wide consultation with all stakeholders. This is a very slow process and not a good stance for a fast moving and growing company. The last stance is shaper of society – companies who focus on communities and want to build them up; this stance puts the financial interest second and is usually related to charitable organizations. 2- Ethical Dimension to Corporate Decision Making Ford Motor Company is one of the competitive motor companies in the world. In 1970s, the compact car Ford pinto, became a famous for its tendency in rear-end collisions to leak fuel and explode into flames. More than 20 people were killed or injured before the Ford Motor company issued a recall to correct the problem. The decision process behind the Pinto’s launch revealed that under intense competition from Volkswagen and other small car manufacturers, Ford has rushed the Pinto into production. Ford’s engineers had discovered the potential danger of ruptured fuel tanks in crash tests, but the assembly line was ready and Ford’s leaders decided to proceed. This is an evidence of greed, callousness and unethicality. (2) Looking to their decision, it take into account a growing understanding on how cognitive biases distort ethical decision making, and come to a different conclusion. In our mind, the executives involved in the Pinto decision, were making an unethical choice. It is because they thought of it is as purely a business decision rather than an ethical one. The problems are already highlighted to Ford’s leaders, but, in those days, safety was not popular in Ford. Problem meant delay on a Pinto. Production must go to achieve sale target. We don’t believe that Ford’s leaders or executive in charge were consciously unethical or intentionally sanctioned unethical behavior by people further down the chain of command. After decades, the Ford Pinto case has allowed us to dissect Ford’s decision-making process and apply the latest behavioral ethics theory to it. The pattern of evident continues to recur in organizations. It is diverted the Ford’s Executives’ attention from the ethical dimension of problem, and executives today are swayed by similar forces. (2) To overcome all the problems, Ford Motor Company has a program to guide compliance with Ford Policies and Directives. Ford compliance program is reviewed by a senior management compliance committee and the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. The program raises awareness of the Company’s commitment to defines corporate practices through Policies and Directives, ethical practices, ensure an infrastructure that allows for the reporting of Policy violations or business-related legal violations through a number of avenues worldwide, conducts risk assessments, oversees the investigation of such reports and education on key legal and provides training and ethical risk areas. The Handbook outlines requirements for its employees and those working on behalf of the Company and provides background resources for a wide range of business-related situations, including: (3) 1- Workplace environment 2- Gifts, favors and conflicts of interest 3- Use of Company assets and data safeguarding 4- Integrity of financial records 5- Product quality, safety and environmental matters 6- Intellectual property 7- Working with governments (political activities) 8- Competition and antitrust laws 9- International business practices References: 1-Wikipedia- http://en.wikipedia.org./wiki/Business_practices 2- Max H. Baseman And Ann E. Tenbrunsel – Harvard Business Review April 2011- http://hbr.org/2011/04/ethical-breakdowns/ar 3- Ford Motor Company- Fordmotorcompany.com -report 2008/2009 – http://corporate.ford.com/microsites/sustainability-report-2008-09/governance -sustainability-ethical B- QUESTION 2 1-Climate Change – Ford Motor Company. In 21st century, climate change is the most important global political and business issues. It will have a huge impact of the world and threaten livelihood of millions of people in the world. Every years, average temperature in artic have risen twice, increasing emissions of greenhouse gases. Climate change is the result of an increase in heat-trapping (greenhouse) gases in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the major long-lived greenhouse gas (GHG). The burning of fossil fuels (to provide electricity, heat and transportation, and to support industry and agriculture), as well as deforestation, leads to net emissions of CO2 and increased levels of atmospheric CO2. The atmospheric concentration of CO2 has increased from a preindustrial level of 270–280 parts per million (ppm) to a level of approximately 392 ppm in 2012. (4) Ford Motor Company have a holistic view of climate change and have addressed non-CO2 long-term greenhouse gases such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), nitrous oxide (N2O) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Through its Restricted Substance Management Standard they have prohibited SF6 in tires in magnesium casting. They were continuing their scientific research to determine the relative contribution of a wide range of long-lived greenhouse gases to radiative forcing of climate change. (4) 2-Ford’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions Ford has estimated that their total CO2 emissions are in the range of 350–400 million metric tons (Mmt) per year, varying over time with fluctuations in vehicle production and sales, on-road fleet size and vehicle miles traveled. The estimate includes emissions from its facilities, emissions from current-year vehicles and emissions from all Ford vehicles on the road. (4) 3-Climate Change Risk and Opportunities In 21st century, concerns about climate change, the energy security and price of fuel, along with the global recession, have changed the automotive business. This creates substantial risks for automakers but also opportunities for innovation that enable growth and expansion. Below, the general trends driving change in Ford’s markets and take a closer look at several key markets. Also discuss the physical and supply chain risks to its business posed by climate change. (4) Ford’s Markets – Price of fuel, consumer interest in smaller and more fuel-efficient vehicles and energy security concerns are also a driver of fuel economy regulation and alternative fuel development. – All of Ford’s major markets are increasingly shaped by government actions to regulate fuel economy and carbon dioxide emissions, provide incentives to shift consumer and introduce low-carbon fuels and business behavior. Some of governments are also actively involved in development, promoting the research, battery technologies and purchase of new vehicle. – Greater concern from Investors about climate change as a material risk. Providing climate-change-relevant information to investors and shaping its business strategy with climate change in mind are important elements of maintaining access to capital. – Product globalization strategy – respond to changing markets, regional preferences, opportunities and the risks presented by the climate change issue. Ford has created global vehicle platforms that offer superior fuel economy, safety, quality and customer features. (4) 4-Physical Risks Climate change raises the potential for shifting patterns of extreme weather and other risk to Ford’s facilities. For insurance, Ford assesses the risks each of their facilities faces at least once a year. This risk assessment is updated and takes into account the risk of exposure to storms, hurricanes, earthquakes and flooding. (4) 5-Supply Chain Risk Ford suppliers located in more than 60 countries, regulatory and physical risks as a result of GHG regulation and the impacts of climate change. These risks could affect their competitiveness or ability to operate, creating the potential for disruptions to the flow of supplies to Ford. (4) 6-Ford Climate Change Strategy Ford’s long-term strategy is to contribute to climate stabilization by: †¢ Continuously reducing the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy usage. †¢ Working with industry partners, energy companies, consumer groups and policy makers to establish an effective and predictable market, policy and technological framework for reducing GHG emissions. †¢ Develop the flexibility and capability to market lower-GHG-emission products. (4) 7-Product Sustainability Process -Science – Stabilization approach Technology plan -Government – regulatory trendsproduct CO2 strategy Policy position -Consumer- market trends Cycle plan -Competitive- industry trends Marketing and Communication plan 4- Ford Motor Company – http://corporate.ford.com/microsites/sustainability-report-2011-12/environment-climate-risks C- QUESTION 3 In 21st century business challenge and difficult global trading conditions, good relationship with several groups of stakeholders such as employees, customers, dealers, suppliers, investors and communities are very important. 1- Ford Motor Company Stakeholders. Through internal analysis and developing sustainability programs, Ford has interdependent relationship with a few categories of stakeholders such as employees, customers, dealers, suppliers, investors and communities, also its relationship to ‘society’ which includes government agency, NGOs and academia. (5) 2- Employees Employees are the most valuable resource. In 2011, Ford employed more than 164,000 individuals at 73 plants, 41 distribution warehouses, 106 sales offices worldwide and 57 engineering research/development facilities. All of the hourly employees in its automotive operations in the U.S. and also its subsidiary outside U.S. are represented by unions and covered by collective bargaining agreements. Unions are key partners with Ford in providing a productive, safe and respectful workplace. Ford faces workplace health and safety challenges such as; establishing and reinforcing high, common expectations for the safety of their employees worldwide. Most of their manufacturing facilities have joint union/management safety committees that guide the development and implementation of safety programs. (5) ONE Ford plan aligns its efforts toward a common definition of success: having ONE Team, ONE Plan and ONE Goal for an exciting, viable Ford that delivers profitable growth for all. (5) †¢ F: Foster Functional and Technical Excellence(5) †¢ O: Own Working Together(5) †¢ R: Role Model Ford Values(5) †¢ D: Deliver Results(5) 3- Customers Ford Motor Company serves more than 5.5 million customers worldwide. Ford’s customers are the most important stakeholder. Their major regional markets include South America, North America, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Russia, Australia and Asia. In some regions, Ford serve 3 types of customers- individual retail consumers, small business customers and large commercial fleet customers. It will continue to expand products and services for these existing customers while working simultaneously to gain new customers in emerging markets. In North America and Asia, they are focusing on increasing their offerings of smaller and more fuel-efficient vehicles. (5) 4- Dealers Dealers are the face of Ford to its customers and communities, the key employers and contributors to local economies. Dealer sustainability program has launched in 2010, a voluntary sustainability initiative for dealers to reduce their carbon footprints and improve the energy-efficiency of their dealerships. The goal of the â€Å"Go Green† Dealer Sustainability Program is to collaborate with dealers to implement cost-effective ways to improve the energy-efficiency of their facilities. It partnered with the Rocky Mountain Institute, a leading energy-efficiency organization, to pilot new technologies and architectural design principles. (5) 5- Suppliers Ford relies on more than 1,400 production suppliers to provide parts that are assembled into Ford vehicles. 9,000 supplier companies provide a wide range of nonproduction goods and services, from industrial materials to computers to advertising. Ford and its suppliers work jointly to deliver great products, have a strong business and make a better future. In today’s economic environment, achieving lower costs and improving quality require an unprecedented level of cooperation with suppliers and the maintenance of strong supplier relationships. (5) 6- Investors The success of Ford as a company directly affects its 162,000 investors, and they have been focused on improving Ford’s financial health. Provide information and interact regularly with investors through corporate website, annual report and regulatory filings and annual meeting. They also engage with socially responsible investment organizations that are seeking information to use to evaluate its sustainability performance. These interactions help Ford stay abreast of and respond to investor concerns. (5) 7- Communities Ford Motor Company impacts the communities in numerous ways, provide the employment, the taxes, the environmental and safety performance and support and participate in civic life. The communities are composed of a range of groups and individuals, include its customers, employees, business partners, government regulators, community organizations and members of civil society, and individuals who live and work around its facilities. Ford has been supporting community more than 100 years ago. This includes helping feed hungry people, providing mentors in classrooms and teaching teenagers to drive more safely. Changing of Fundamental have been happening including increased competition globally and changing markets for its products, with future sales growth expected to occur in emerging economies. Ford is expanding sourcing in these lower-cost emerging markets, as a way to serve both local markets and the global supply chain. Ford seeks to respect and make a positive contribution to its host communities. (5) 5- Ford Motor Company – http://corporate.ford.com/microsites/sustainability-report-2010-11/society-stakeholders D- BIBILIOGRAPHY 1-Wikipedia- http://en.wikipedia.org./wiki/Business_practices 2- Max H. Baseman And Ann E. Tenbrunsel – Harvard Business Review April 2011- http://hbr.org/2011/04/ethical-breakdowns/ar 3- Ford Motor Company- Fordmotorcompany.com -report 2008/2009 – http://corporate.ford.com/microsites/sustainability-report-2008-09/governance-sustainability-ethical 4- Ford Motor Company – http://corporate.ford.com/microsites/sustainability-report-2011-12/environment-climate-risks 5- Ford Motor Company – http://corporate.ford.com/microsites/sustainability-report-2010-11/society-stakeholders

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Ethical Movie Review: Blood Diamond Essay

0.1 origin The follo lucreg turn up forget mete out respectable issues turn to through the image Blood Diamond. The twain master(prenominal) issues identified and discussed be pip-squeak passs and contradict baseball diamonds. My master(prenominal) lens of estimable theories result consist of the foursome westerly theories, this let ins, vanity, utilitarianism, h unitaryst motive of duties and ethics of rights. Even though these theories ar base on good absolutism, I de unwrap still try to def give nonice a pluralistic involve. Additionally, some of these theories willing be expanded and early(a) theories that do non tend so untold towards ethical absolutism will be added. The following fragment will decoct more on how these issues occurred and try to come apart some potential answer to the problems. In fix to do so descriptive ethical theories will be quills in the examination. Finally the conclusion will be presented by a combination of a f ilm re thought process and a neat summary of the imageings in the text.1.1 Children with guns The eldest of the two ethical issues that will be examined is the expenditure of kids as soldiers. In put to do so I recollect I exhaust to come upon a inwrought role on the subject, looking from a rebel soldier. The reasons for this is beca commit I suppose intention or western views on this effect will in the end realm that this is neither moral or ethical. In erect to get a more interesting view on the matter, I will enjoyment an alternative accession and try to look out of the eye of a soldier taking the apply of kid soldiers. The question is how stern the exercising of kids as soldiers be justified?The state of affairs describe in the scene heralds us about the Revolutionary United figurehead (RUF), which is a rebel group battle the government in Sierra Le single 1999. To get the piazza in a soldiers mind, matchless could be retrievech that his or hers tho ughts were, I am being invaded by the west, they ar theft my diamonds, the government is corrupt, how merchant ship I win this employment? This perspective is based on RUF as hotshot minded soldiers, of grade they ar non, scarce in order to impinge on this argument the assumption is so. The first ethical theory that hind end be linked to the response of pip-squeak soldiers is egoism. The briny concept of this theory is justified with one having to localise on one ego to cook all other things is to weighty (Crane and Matten 2010). It is weighty to distinguish from selfishness, and one idler argue that this moion lav be justified as an egoistic mind sit, not a selfish point of view.They do not fight only for their receive winning they fight for what they reckon is outperform for the country and RUF. The rest of the human would in all probability disagree to the part of kids, only when how bay window they judge a situation that for to the highest degree of them is so far a focusing that they evict only be prejudice not knowledgeable about the situation? mavin earth-closet even go so far to say that both the consequentialist theories relievers the achieves performed by this rebel group, they argon contend for their own desires and what they believe is the great good. In order to do so they know to habituate the resources available, ergo using children as soldiers and maintenance in utilitarianism. Consequentialist theories focus on the outcome, and one can state that is what has to be the focus in order to actually use so young the great unwashed for nub in war.The differences amidst the theories be that egoism focuses on the decision- deriver while utilitarianism casts an eye on the wider community, which RUF captivatems to do as rise up when struggle over against the government (Crane and Matten 2010). For the remaining theories on this issue, thither is no one that can be associated with the use of children for th ese actions. Both non-consequentialist theories film pee moral guidance that will not support the course of actions taken by the RUF. Ethical duties be possessed of iii main maxims, and I believe no RUF soldier would want the use of child soldiers to grow a universal law. Maxim two analyses will tells us that all the children have not freely decided to compel soldiers, and can be said to be employ as means by the RUF to achieve their determinations, not to educate the children in the right charge.The third maxim asks if the actions argon universally gestateed, on that point is no necessity for explanation here, it is not accepted by the human race. Ethics of rights and justice has a voluminous focus on hu spell high-handedness and kind-heartedity one can fairly state that there is neither in the use of children as soldiers. So we can now make a mindless summary to say that with a pluralistic (mayhap a bit more relativistic) view on the two consequentialist ethical theories the use of kids to bear arms can be justified. We will discuss this issue provided in the next section of the endeavor, but first the issue of derivation diamonds will be addressed.1.2 Bling-Bang infringe diamonds or furrow diamonds as the title of the picture confirms is an important ethical issue enlightened by director Edward Zwick. Before going into news slightly ethics regarding this issue, a terse definition of involution diamonds is appropriate Conflict Diamonds also known as tide rip diamonds be diamonds that ar used to enkindle booking and human rights abuses. They have founded relentless conflicts that have resulted in the death and translation of millions of masses. (Global en convinced(predicate) 2011). In Sierra Leone 1999 the diamonds atomic number 18 traded for nighly weapons by the RUF, the buyers argon large-scale diamond companies using cleansing methods around the world in order to wash out the stones. As the photo shows us, th e diamond industriousness is placeful and unethical.Working from a view of pluralism which is an ethical middle way between absolutism and relativism, one which I believe should and is being used the most, the actions of the diamonds corporations ar highly culpable and unethical. Pluralism is based on the touch that morality is a social phenomenon tally to Kaler (Crane and Matten 2010). If one would argue that morality is a social phenomenon, the morality of taking use of rebel groups as RUF and their extreme methods of trading operations can in no way be justified.Aiding criminal and horrifying actions standardized these should never be done. The scary part is that this is nothing new, corporations do think of hoi polloi as means only which is resister of what the second maxim of ethical duties put forward (Crane and Matten 2010). A quote from the word picture which describes this situation, and implies that the companies scatter consumers into believing that e truly di amond comes without blood is said by Danny Archer when talking to an American diarist, In America its bling bling, but out here its bling bang. (Imdb.com 2011), What Mr. Archer here says is very on the spot on how unethical the operations of diamond companies snitch the world. And they do so knowingly, after all the intro of the flick shows a G8 conference where diamond chief operating officers are precent and applauded for attending the fight against blood diamonds.When they at the end and so still buy blood diamonds, their actions can be nothing else than both immoral and unethical. For every ethical theory that include morality, honour, or even the greater good, these mass do not fitm to care, and it is strenuous to find any way to condone their means except for financial winnings, which is sad, unethical and immoral. Their actions can be found as unethical by three of the four ethical theories mentioned the only one that again can come to create rest of mind for the CE Os is the downslope of descent of egoism. Again the financial desires of diamond companies chatterms to be all they care about, and if they believe that everything else is not their problem, hence egoism will accept the actions of these people. There is a but here, and as the nett paragraph stated, they knowingly deceive and knowingly know what the history of their stones are.They make that history matter to them as briefly as they attend the diamond meeting. And when they make that blood finish those diamonds matter, stepping out of line of the egoistic theory is something they do, and as ethical theories are rules and principals that influences right and violate, these actions can all the way be stated as pervert (Crane and Matten 2010). I will not omit often judgment of convictions time on covering the three remaining theories on this topic because I do not see room for much distortion when measurement the decisions up to the remaining three theories. soulate simpl y, utilitarianism is not supported because their actions are not for the greater good.There is no greater good in buying conflict diamonds unknowingly for consumers neither is there for exploiting a brutal civil war for economic purposes. There are to significant impacts on worlds society for this to be disregarded. Over to the non-consequentialist theories they are as depict previously in the essay based much on morality, dignity and humanity, and there are room for little of these concepts in the actions of avant-garde de Kaap. Van de Kaap is the example of the diamond CEO in this movie. And as mentioned early supporting such horrible multitude actions defies what the second maxim of ethical duties suggests. at once that the four main ethical theories have been discussed with this issue the following section of this essay will seek means in the actions performed by RUF and diamond corporations.2.1 Finding the reasons prescriptive theories tend to focus more on the problems after actions and decisions have been made, this section will use tools from descriptive ethical theory, which are used as tools on how the decisions are made and why (Crane and Matten 2010). There are two main categories to address, case-by-case fixingss and situational factors. I believe that individual factors do not play an important role compared to situational factors. I do acknowledge Ford and Richardsons (1994) argument that socialisation matters, but I do not recognise this as an individual factor this goes over to the situational factor. 1 can argue that adults have individual factors when presenting opposite childhood environments, and this is true, but to determine how a person will act when born is not realizable. The only factor recognised with individuals to really matter is noetic illness, and then I mean pitch sickness not sickness real during the life. The other factors all depends on environment. As a scene in the movie show, Mr. Archer is found in a conver sation with a local man taking care of children and is asked the question if he believes people generally good or bad and responds No. Id say their just people.(Imdb.com 2011).This is true, there are none born evil or good, it is our actions that show us what we become. So the tool that will be used to go steady the actions of RUF and Van de Kaap are mostly situational factors. Assumptions are telling us that 10 000 children were fighting for the RUF (Murphy 2003). As we can exclude most individual factors, one can low by blaming environment for actions performed by human beings. Beginning this will be with exploring the relevant situational factors. The situation described in the movie is a rebel group fighting the government in which they believe are corrupt and see no other etymon than to take the fight in their own hands. As the movie provides us only with one way the children end up as soldiers, there are other reasons for children to bear the RUF uniform.Murphy (2003) duol ogue of four models of child soldiers, the first one is called coerced youth which is the model of brutal compulsion of children into the army, just as the one we see in the movie. The remaining three models are not going to be described in detail here, but tell us a bit different story. Children living in destitution and with a rough childhood, bad parenting in a chaotic country can well tend to blame the government. The search for business office and some sort of authority for them in society can make them joint what they feel is the right fight, or maybe just to get some nub in their make loves. The society has not provided the gum elastic that a child needs so it seeks it, the cognitive moral stage these kids live in is named preconvention.Their cognitive moral ontogenesis is shaped by the environment, and it refers to the different levels of cerebrate that an individual can apply to ethical issues and problems. (Crane and Matten 2010153). The preconventional stage says that to determine what is right and wrong out from punishment or rewards from their subordinates, and in this case RUF rewards unethical behaviour. The mindset of children are found in the clay of defense lawyers (Anand, Ashforth and Joshi 2004) they remove function from themselves hereby their actions can be accepted by themselves and then implemented. In addition their locus of control is probably low in a kids mind, and seeking control in license figures. Now to the RUF, one can see reasons for why child soldiers were used, if one is to believe that a combination of kidnapping and children connecter willingly were the start up.The way from there can be that children were seen to be utilitarian and thereby just adapting more children as they felt the need. This may very well be one of the reasons for the use of child soldiers. The next point will tag reasoning for which diamonds create unethical behaviour. To find the meaning of exploiting Sierra Leone for their diamonds w e can lean similarities with the reasoning above. More accurately the strategy used to rationalise unethical behaviour. Van de Kaap will be again the person of interest in this, and in this movie this person represents the strategy denial of province (Anand, Ashforth and Joshi 2004).Not in the same way as the children described above, but in the sense that they believe that if they do not take advantage of these diamonds, someone else will. By having that attitude the other strategy, denial of stain (Anand, Ashforth and Joshi 2004) also fits. They may acknowledge that people are getting harmed, but it is not their responsibility since someone else would take their place if they were not there.The reward is what gives the organisation meaning, people tend to do what they are rewarded for, and in that process it is easy to forget the ethics regarding their actions (Crane and Matten 2010). We can also blame the worlds ignorance of the issue, Crane and Matten (2010) writes that Quite simply, ethical violations that go unpunished are seeming to be repeated. And this is the worlds responsibility, in the movie we find a journalist to take this job, fighting against a world that seems oblivious to the issue. So what possible solution can be proposed to it all?2.2 potential solutions The first proposed solution to be addressed will be blood diamonds. already the Kimberly process has been formed in 2003. This is a response on conflict diamonds and mentioned in the beginning of the movie (Global Witness 2010). The parrot ilk is a non-government, non-corporate and therefore independent onomatopoetic which sertify conflict diamonds. It is said to be an max club as only members can trade with members and therefore something countries long to take a part in.Global Witness state on their homepage attempts at pains self-regulation have been woefully insufficient meaning that it still isnt possible to warrantee to consumers that the diamonds they purchase are free fr om the smirch of conflict and human rights abuse. And this tells us that it is hard, but at least someone is pose in an effort. So when the regulation is hard, we should take care of some roots of the problem. Diamonds is a good defined as a want, it is not a need. One can therefore blame the consumers on do it possible for companies to profit so much of diamond trade, and by doing so I want to put some of this responsibility back in their hands. The consumer has to make sure that what they are buying does not support conflicts in other nations.If a system would be demanded by the people, one could argue that the power which lies with the people is strong copious to make the corporations act. The second solution is in some way already shown in the movie, a rehabilitation centre in the jungle for kids. It is important to do this mightily and not ignore the kids once they have become soldiers. In addition I believe that by fighting poverty is a way of fighting children move to k illers. To perform these two tasks that here is proposed is something that the western world should be obligated to do when thinking of all the pain it have caused for Africa in the past centuries. One possible action would be for the G8 to take use of handling ethics and form a panel with parties from rebel groups, ex-child soldiers, local government and object lens minds. That concludes this section of the essay the next one will be a brusk summary and check into of the movie.3.1 Short review of movie and text The final section of this essay will be a short movie review unite with some conclusions from this essay. The director Edward Zwick has in my look done a fantastic job, the movie is stuffed with real life issues, and two are presented in this text by child soldiers and blood diamonds. Zwick presents ethical issues in an action packed thriller filled with good acting and effects. I view this movie as a perfect combination of Hollywood and the real world, there are a f ew clichs, but that has to be expect the rest is a mind spring truth that certainly was a goal for the production when the release date was set 18th of December, right before the years biggest diamond sale period.The three main characters each present disassociate ethical morality, the soldier of fortune gives us an egoistic mindset, but gets softer as the movie closes to the end. The way the movie presents both the correspondence for the desire in egoism as well as showing that it is possible to change and also show shame a moral twist. The second character is a fisherman presenting a more feminist ethical theory, showing much love for family and care for people, even a man that is likely to steal from him. The last character is a female journalist fighting for paleness and justice. And Maddy Bowen can advantageously be linked to several ethical theories, but closest to theories of justice.Her fight for fairness and getting the west to open their eye gives another moral angel to the situation in Sierra Leone. All in all Zwick with good help from his actors presents the issues of child soldiers and blood diamonds in a very good way, one can see that the diamond corporations of the world did not like it, they fought the movie for a long time and ended up with a 15$ US million PR melt down (PRWatch 2006) that resulted in a website called diamondfacts.org.This is interpreted as a sign that he is displace on the correct buttons and may be something that forces change. I do not believe I would change anything with his movie, in order to reach the target market a combination of fiction and facts are needed. This essay has proved that the use of child soldiers as well as trading conflict diamonds is unethical and has asked the world to act as a solution there is power within the people that should be used to pressure changes to these issues.